The higher cap is already live on iCloud.com, even though Apple's own guide still lists three. Custom Email Domain users get more addresses per domain, too.
Apple has tripled the number of @icloud.com email aliases you can create, from three to nine, without announcing it. A Reddit user spotted the higher limit last week, a MacRumors forum member reported the same thing shortly after, and MacRumors has confirmed the change is live at iCloud.com. Digital Trends also covered the Reddit thread, where one user saw seven slots remaining with two aliases already in use.
Apple's documentation hasn't caught up. Its iCloud User Guide still says you can create up to three aliases, and its note about waiting seven days before replacing a deleted alias still refers to accounts with three. MacRumors says the change could conceivably be a test, though it considers that unlikely.
A related change is documented. Apple's Custom Email Domain support page, dated September 30, now says iCloud+ subscribers can use up to five custom domains with up to 10 personalized email addresses per domain. An archived copy from September 17 lists three addresses per domain. Each person you share a domain with can also create up to 10 addresses on it.
Apple's guide lists these steps on iCloud.com:
Once created, the alias works in Mail on any device with iCloud Mail turned on. Turning an alias off is temporary, but deleting one is permanent, and mail sent to a disabled or deleted alias is returned to the sender.